The Psychological Therapies
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چکیده
Mental health therapies include psychological therapies and biomedical therapies. Therapists using an eclectic approach draw from a variety of techniques. In fact, half of all psychotherapists describe themselves as taking an eclectic approach. Psychotherapy integration attempts to combine a selection of assorted techniques into a single, coherent system. Psychoanalysts use free association and the interpretation of dreams, resistances, and transference to help their patients gain insight into the unconscious origins of their disorders and to work through the accompanying feelings. Humanistic therapy focuses on clients’ conscious feelings and on their taking responsibility for their own growth. Client-centered therapists use active listening to express genuineness, acceptance, and empathy. Behavior therapists emphasize the direct modification of problem behaviors. They use exposure therapies, such as systematic desensitization and aversive conditioning, and they may also apply operant conditioning principles with techniques such as token economies. Cognitive therapies aim to change self-defeating thinking by training people to view themselves in new, more positive ways. Cognitive-behavior therapists aim to change the way people act as well as alter the way they think. Except for traditional psychoanalysis, these various types of therapies may also occur in therapist-led small groups. One special type of group therapy, family therapy, assumes that no person is an island.
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